ABSTRACT
Comparar efectividad del polietilenglicol y manitol en la preparación intestinal mediante escala de Boston, pacientes de la consulta externa de gastroenterología, tercer trimestre, 2012. Estudio prospectivo, transversal, experimental. Muestra de 100 pacientes aleatorizados en dos grupos: polietilenglicol y manitol, 50 en cada uno. A todos se les instauró dieta líquida el día previo al estudio e indicación para la ingesta de la solución a evaluar. Se realizó colonoscopia con evaluación endoscópica según escala de Boston. La tolerancia a la preparación fue considerada fácil por 88% en el grupo polietilenglicol vs 100% del grupo manitol (p=0,041). El 98% del grupo manitol consideró que este medicamento tenía sabor agradable en comparación con polietilenglicol (78%) (p=0,002). El efecto adverso más frecuente en ambos grupos fue la náusea. El polietilenglicol alcanzó exploraciones completas con restos en un 82% colon derecho, 56% colon transverso y 72% colon izquierdo, mientras que con manitol prevaleció la exploración completa sin restos en 66%, 90% y 68% respectivamente (p<0,05). La puntuación global de la escala de Boston con polietilenglicol y manitol fue 6 vs 8 (p<0,05). Manitol resultó ser más efectivo que polietilenglicol para la preparación del colon en su totalidad y por segmentos
To compare the effectiveness of polyethyleneglycol and mannitol bowel preparation by Boston scale, in patients from the outpatient gastroenterology in the third quarter of 2012. Prospective, cross, experimental with a sample of 100 patients randomized to group polyethyleneglycol and mannitol group, 50 in each. All were introduced liquid diet the day before the test with the appropriate indication for the intake of the solution to evaluate and colonoscopy was performed endoscopic evaluation scale as Boston. Tolerance was considered easy preparation by 88% in polyethyleneglycol group vs 100% mannitol group (p=0.041). 98% mannitol group had considered that this medicine palatable compared with polyethyleneglycol (78%) (p=0.002). The most common adverse event in both groups was nausea. Polyethyleneglycol reached full scans with remains at 82% right colon, transverse colon 56% and 72% left colon, whereas mannitol prevailed without full exploration remains at 66%, 90% and 68% respectively (p<0,05). The overall rating scale was polyethyleneglycol Boston 6 vs 8 in the mannitol group (p<0,05). Mannitol was more effective for the preparation of polyethyleneglycol entire colon and segments
Subject(s)
Female , Colonoscopy/methods , Medical Examination/methods , Mannitol , Analytic Sample Preparation Methods/methods , GastroenterologyABSTRACT
El hepatocarcinoma es la neoplasia primaria hepática más frecuente con una incidencia creciente en todo el mundo cuyo pronóstico está ligado con el diagnóstico temprano. Determinar la frecuencia del hepatocarcinoma en pacientes del Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Militar "Dr. Carlos Arvelo" durante el período 2006-2011. Trabajo retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se recolectaron historias médicas de 39 pacientes con ese diagnóstico. Los rasgos demográficos fueron similares a los descritos en Occidente: predominio hombres (71,79%), edad promedio entre 60 y 69 años (35,8%). La primera causa fue por hepatitis C (35,89%), seguida por el alcohol (25,64%) y hepatitis B (15,38%). Para estadificación se usaron los criterios Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, siendo al momento del diagnóstico el estadio D el más frecuente (68,57%). El 28,20% recibió tratamiento. Sorafenib fue lo más utilizado, (7 pacientes) dado que ingresaban al Hospital en estadio terminal limitando las opciones terapéuticas. El 12,8% de los pacientes estaban vivos al momento de realizar el estudio. El hepatocarcinoma es un tumor raro en nuestro medio. Frecuentemente produce pocos síntomas, manifestándose como descompensación de la función hepática en pacientes con cirrosis por lo que debe intensificarse la pesquisa, para lograr diagnóstico temprano y mejorar el pronóstico
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary neoplasm liver with an increasing incidence worldwide whose prognosis is linked to early diagnosis. To determine the frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients from the Gastroenterology Service of the Military Hospital "Dr. Carlos Arvelo" during the period 2006-2011. Retrospective and descriptive. Were collected from medical records of 39 patients with that diagnosis. The demographic features were similar to those described in the West: predominantly men (71.79%), average age between 60 and 69 (35.8%). The first cause was hepatitis C (35.89%), followed by alcohol (25.64%) and hepatitis B (15.38%). For staging criteria were used Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, being at the time of diagnosis, stage D the most common (68.57%). The 28.20% received treatment. Sorafenib was the most used, (7 patients) admitted to the hospital since end-stage limiting therapeutic options. 12.8% of patients were alive at the time of the study. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare tumor in our environment. Often produces few symptoms, manifesting as decompensation of liver function in patients with cirrhosis and should be intensified screening to achieve early diagnosis and improve prognosis
Subject(s)
Female , Hepatitis/complications , Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis , Liver Neoplasms/etiology , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Gastroenterology , Liver DiseasesABSTRACT
A study from cows with mastitis was performed and Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen in 46.4 percent among 153 studied strains from 276 milk samples of infected cows. Antibiotic resistance of 71 S. aureus isolates was determined in order to search resistant strains to antibiotics of clinical interest, as well as to determine their degree of multi-resistance. It was found that 60 percent of the S. aureus strains presented resistance to β-lactams, but none to oxacillin, teicoplamin or vancomycin. On the other hand, with the aim of reducing the use of current antibiotics and their associated resistance, a new formulation was introduced. The antimicrobial compounds (P22-P32), demonstrated to be effective in 55 percent of the 76 mastitis cases studied. The use of P22-P32 reduced the number of somatic cell to less than 300,000 SCC/mL-1 in 75.2 percent of milk samples analyzed, normalizing the milk quality, fat and lactose levels and increasing the volume of production in 10.1 percent.
ABSTRACT
The extraction of phytase produced by solid-state fermentation of citrus peel was studied employing a multistage leaching process. It was observed that the extracts containing EDTA retained over 90 percent of phytase activity at room temperature after 24 h after the leaching. A fractional design 2² (with 4 replicates at the central point) was carried out for testing the pH and agitation as process independent factors. Only the interaction between the pH and agitation showed a significant influence. These factors were optimized with a central composite design. Agitation at 300 rpm and pH at 5.0 were the best conditions to extract the enzyme from solid matrix. The modeling of the process indicated that diffusivity of the enzyme in the solvent was the controlling mechanism. The corresponding kinetic constant and saturation concentration in this process were 0.89 min-1 and 4.0 IU/mL, respectively. The multistage process indicated that after two steps, it was possible to recover 85 percent of total enzyme produced.
A extração de fitases produzidas por fermentação em estado sólido de polpa cítrica foi estudada utilizando um processo de extração sólido-líquido em varias etapas. A adição de EDTA permite manter durante 24 horas a temperatura ambiente 90 por cento da atividade inicial do caldo com a enzima extraída. Um planejamento fatorial 2², com 4 replicas no ponto central, foi desenvolvido para testar os valores de ph e agitação convenientes para a extração das enzimas. A interação entre ambos os fatores foi estadisticamente significativa. A atividade da enzima foi otimizada nos valores onde o pH (5.0) e a agitação (350 rpm) resultaram ser as melhores condições para extrair a enzima da matriz sólida. O ajuste do modelo matemático obtido mostra que é possível considerar a difusividade como o mecanismo que controla o processo de transferência de massa. A constante cinética que descreve este processo e a concentração de saturação foram 0.039 min-1 e 4.01 IU/mL respectivamente. A extração em varias etapas mostrou que nas duas primeiras etapas é possível recuperar 85 por cento da fitase produzida.
ABSTRACT
This work presents a statistical model of survival analysis for three pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus), when treated with neutralized and non-neutralized filtered supernatants broth from cultures of Lactobacillus acidhophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus sake. Survival analysis is a method employed to determine the period of time from an initial stage up to the occurrence of a particular event of interest, as death or a particular culture growth failure. In order to evaluate the potential efficacy of the ahead mentioned lactic acid bacteria when used as bioprotective starters in foods, experimental data were statistically treated and expressed by simple representative curves. Following the methodology of Cox and Kaplan-Meier, it was possible to make the selection of the best bioprotective lactic starter, as a predictive tool for evaluation of shelf life and prevention of eventual risks in fresh sausages and other similar food products.
Este trabalho apresenta um modelo estatístico de análise de sobrevivência para três bactérias patogénicas (Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes e Staphylococcus aureus), quando tratados com sobrenadantes filtrados neutralizado e não neutralizado provenientes de culturas de Lactobacillus acidhophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus e Lactobacillus sake. A Análise de sobrevivência é um método utilizado para determinar o período de tempo a partir de uma fase inicial até a ocorrência de um determinado evento de interesse, como a morte ou a inibição de uma particular cultura, a fim de avaliar a eficácia potencial das referidas bactérias lácticas quando usadas como bioproteção em alimentos. Os dados experimentais foram tratados estatisticamente, seguindo a metodologia de Cox e Kaplan-Meier e foi possível fazer a seleção dos melhores fermentos láticos bioprotectivos, como uma ferramenta para avaliação preditiva, vida de prateleira e prevenção de eventuais riscos em Lingüiças frescas e outros produtos alimentares.
ABSTRACT
Biopreservation systems in foods are of increasing interest for industry and consumers. Bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria and/or their isolated bacteriocins are considered safe additives (GRAS), useful to control the frequent development of pathogens and spoiling microorganisms in foods and feed. The spreading of bacterial antibiotic resistance and the demand for products with fewer chemicals create the necessity of exploring new alternatives, in order to reduce the abusive use of therapeutic antibiotics. In this context, bacteriocins are indicated to prevent the growth of undesirable bacteria in a food-grade and more natural way, which is convenient for health and accepted by the community. According to their properties, structure, molecular weight (MW), and antimicrobial spectrum, bacteriocins are classified in three different groups: lantibiotics and non-lantibiotics of low MW, and those of higher MW. Several strategies for isolation and purification of bacteriocins from complex cultivation broths to final products were described. Biotechnological procedures including salting-out, solvent extraction, ultrafiltration, adsorption-desortion, ion-exchange, and size exclusion chromatography are among the most usual methods. Peptide structure-function studies of bacteriocins and bacterial genetic advances will help to understand the molecular basis of their specificity and mode of action. Nisin is a good example of commercial success, and a good perspective is open to continue the study and development of new bacteriocins and their biotechnological applications. These substances in appropriate concentrations may be used in veterinary medicine and as animal growth promoter instead usual antibiotics, as well as an additional hurdle factor for increasing the shelf life of minimal processed foods.
ABSTRACT
Studies of cholesterol levels in a population of Gran Buenos Aires was made in 1983, 1988, 1993 and 1996, and the Argentinian alimentary habits in this period were analyzed. It was noticed a change in food consumption, with reduction in the intake of fatty foods, such as meat, butter, milk, and other dairy products, with the concomitant increment in fiber rich products and oil, meat and dairy products reduced in fats. Changes in serum cholesterol level were analysed in 3051 persons along 1983-1996. They were grouped according their age and sex: A) 1-6 years old, B) 6-12, C) 12-17, D) 17-30, E) 30-60, F) 60-80. It was observed an increment in cholesterol level with age. For each group during the first 10 years of study was noticed a constant decrease in total cholesterol being higher in women than in men and according with the alimentary changes. Group D in 1983 became group E in 1993, maintained their cholesterol level along 10 years of life, being lower than the corresponding E group of 1983, while the older ones did not present differences. Values of cholesterol/cholesterol-HDL index over 6.5 correlate with a high incidence in cardiovascular diseases. The 40 of the population studied during 1993 and 1996 was evaluated, and the maximum average value found was 4.90. These results suggest that reduction in fat intake and diversification in food consumption during this period has contributed to decrease cholesterol levels and cholesterol/cholesterol-HDL index, particularly in younger than 30 years old and women, contributing to reduce metabolical cardiovascular diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cholesterol , Feeding Behavior , Suburban Health , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Argentina , Child , Child, Preschool , Cholesterol, HDL , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Infant , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Os bacteriófagos podem causar a destruiçäo das bactérias láticas. Foram estudadas 35 formulaçöes de meios de cultura para Lactococcus com a capacidade de reduzir a infecçäo pelos bacteriófagos. Diferentes concentraçöes de polifosfatos ou misturas de polifosfatos e citrato, ambas associadas ou näo a fatores de crescimento bacteriano, foram testadas. Os parâmetros utilizados para comparaçäo entre os meios foram: capacidade tamponante, crescimento de L. lacts subsp. lactis ITAL 353 e a capacidade de inibir a multiplicaçäo do bacteriófago virulento 025. O leite desnatado a 12% foi usado como controle. Verificou-se que todos os meios possuíam boa capacidade tamponante. As concentraçöes acima de 6% de polifosfatos inibiram o crescimento bacteriano, exceto onde estavam presentes de 1% a 1,5% de extrato de levedura. Quatro meios contendo 5% de polifosfatos e um meio contendo também 5% de polifosfatos e 0,4% de citrato foram considerados adequados para inbir a multiplicaçäo de bacteriófagos e promover bom crescimento bacteriano
Subject(s)
Citrates/pharmacology , Lactococcus lactis/drug effects , Polyphosphates/pharmacology , Collective Feeding , Bacteriophages/metabolism , Fermentation , Lactococcus lactis/metabolismABSTRACT
Se estudió el grado de parasitosis intestinal en una población del Gran Buenos Aires, donde están representadas las cinco clases sociales de Grafar. Las aguas de consumo presentaban contaminación ya que excedían la concentración máxima permitida de nitratos y nitritos (40 mg/l), pudiendo vehiculizar bacterias, parásitos y virus. Las parasitosis se analizaron mediante los clásicos métodos directos. La población se dividió en dos grupos: A: clase social alta, media alta y media; B: clase media baja y baja. Los dos grupos extraían las aguas de consumo del mismo acuífero. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: Grupo A: de 2.620 casos, el 79% estaba parasitado: 56% por Giardia lamblia, 19% por Enterobius vermicularis, 4% por otros parásitos y 21% negativos. El mayor porcentaje de giardiasis se observó en el subgrupo de lactantes y preescolares, disminuyendo en los escolares y adultos. La oxyuriasis fue máxima en el subgrupo de escolares. En el grupo B se estudiaron 320 niños (0 a 13 años), el 70% estaba parasitado: 35% por Giardia lamblia, 29% por Enterobius vermicularis, 6% por otros parásitos y 30% negativos. Se destaca la alta incidencia de giardiasis en todos los grupos estudiados, parásito que al interferir en la absorción de nutrientes coloca a la población, de todos los niveles socioeconómicos en situación de riesgo nutricional
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Water Pollution , Argentina , Feces/parasitology , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Food are considered substances that contribute to maintain the functional equilibrium of living organisms. Many of these products are good substrates to support microbial growth. The normal state of human health will be negatively affected by foods highly contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins. Diarrhea, fever and other symptoms may be produced by bacterial infections or bu some of their harmful toxins. Microbial foodborne illnesses are of importance in public health, specially in communities with defective nutrition and when a circle of infection-undernutrition-deficient inmunological response and again infection is established. Infections are diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella and others), that entering the body through the mouth with the meals and may produce colonization or invasiveness at intestinal level, as well as tissue pertubations and diarrhea. Intoxications may be caused by preformed toxins in foods, being some of them thermolabile as that of Clostridium botulinum, or thermostable as those of Staphylococcus aureus. Some strains of Clostridium perfringes and Escherichia coli after passing the gastric barrier, are able to produced their respective toxins in the intestinal tract. The synthesis of bacterialtoxins may be coded by genes located in the chromosome or in extrachromosomal plasmids. By adjusting some physico-chemical parameters is posible to control microbial growth of the agents involved in food-borne illnesses. Among those related to intrinsic properties of good are: pH, water activity, potential redox, nutrients and biological structures. Others, depend on external conditions which may influence on their velocity of multiplication such: temperature, relative humidity and presence of gas. Also are of importance the interactions among mixed pipilations, that influence growth kinetics and determine the advantage of one specie over other...
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Animals , Humans , Bacillus cereus , Clostridium perfringens , Diarrhea/microbiology , Foodborne Diseases/microbiology , Yersinia enterocolitica , Food Preservation/adverse effects , Enterotoxins/isolation & purification , Food ContaminationABSTRACT
La penicilina se usa con frecuencia para el tratamiento de la mastitis en vacas enfermas. Su presencia en la lecha ocasiona retardo o inhibición de la fermentación láctica, y afecta la producción y calidad de quesos y yoghurt. Los estreptococos lácticos son extremadamente sensibles a este antibiótico. Previa incubación de Strpetococcus lactis C2 con NTG, se aistó la mutante BP18, resistente a 0,2 µg/ml de penicilina en caldo (TSL) y a 0,3 µg/ml en leche. La velocidad de crecimiento de la mutante BP18, en presencia y ausencia de concentraciones del antibiótico inhibitorias para la cepa original C2, resultó ser bastante similar en ambos casos. Se observó sólo una ligera disminución en a capacidad de acidificación de dicha mutante. Se determinó la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) y la concentración bactericida mínima (CMB), en medio sintético TSL y en leche, habiéndose encontrado valores mayores en esta último medio. En adición, la mutante BP18, presenta un particular fenómeno de tolerancia a penicilina, dando um valor CBM/CIM de 21 cuando se la cuando se la cultiva en leche y sólo 1,5 cuando se lo hace caldo TSL